Nature

Backpropagation-free spiking neural networks with the forward–forward algorithm

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired computational paradigm that emulates neuronal activity through discrete spike-based processing. Despite their advantages, training SNNs ...

In 1986, three scientists improved backpropagation, making neural networks learn effectively from data

A groundbreaking 1986 technique called backpropagation revolutionized artificial intelligence, enabling computers to learn ...
Nature

Structural optimization of framed automotive body-in-white using back propagation neural network optimized based on the sparrow search algorithm

Framed structures refer to the space frame structure formed mainly by shaped pipes at the joint 1. Recently, more and more body-in-white (BIW) of new energy vehicles are framed structures. This type ...